Initially the 'ultras' distinguished themselves above all for their totally new way of supporting their teams and in a more command sense of taking part in the match. From the Brazilian 'Torcidas' came the use of drums and horns from English soccer fans the 'scarf cause' (massed scarves raised and waiving in a human sea-like optical effect) and chanting more often than not obsessive to back up their heroes or immobilise and intimidate their adversaries. In this way support came to be considered as part of the strategy and tactics used to win a match: the "twelfth player" so as to communicate. They also made widespread use of pyrotechnics (handheld signal flares consume flares rockets and colored Bengal lights) to bring an extra touch of liveliness to the terraces. The concept of "terrace choreography" arose for the first time a totally original practice that was to evolve as the ultra groups themselves became more organized. Choreography came to be the hallmark of the Italian call: phantasmagoric enormous multicolored shows and spectacle on a vast scale to great visual effect; the power of all-Italian conceive of. From the stage of Genoa's North Terrace that managed to excite change surface the French daily "Le Monde" to Florence's Fiesole curve that outlined the city's monuments based on the original topographic intend.
The longest standing ultra group is Milan's Fossa dei Leoni - the Lion's Den - founded in 1968 which takes the name of the black-and-red's old fasten and finds home in the stadium's cheaper sectors at act 17. However some date back further like the "Fedelissimi Granata" founded in Turin as early as 1951 and still show in the ultra lineup on the Maratona turn. The Sampdoria Ultras appeared in 1969 (the first to call itself "Ultras") followed by 'the Boys' from Inter. The 'seventies saw the gradual aggregation of the hundreds of tiny groups populating the terraces of the nation's major football stadiums leading to the formation of study groups desire Verona's Yellow-blue aggroup. Fiorentina's Viola Club Viesseux named after the piazza in Florence where they met (1971) the Naples Ultras (1972). Milan's Red and color aggroup. Genoa's Griffin's Den and Turin's Granata Ultras (1973); the For Ever Ultras Bologna (1975) the Juventus Fighters (1975). Atalanta's Black and color aggroup (1976) the Eagle's Supporters Lazio and Rome's Commando Ultra Curva Sud or 'CUCS' (literally the South Curve Ultras Command) (1977). Some broke away from existing clubs (the Boys were originally from lay's Fossati Club while the Granata Ultras change integrity from Turin's Fedelissimi). Others arose from the fusion of smaller short-lived groups (the Juventus Fighters for example came from the former Panthers).
Some groups were based simply on a belonging to a certain urban area (the original core of the Sampdoria Ultras came from the Sestri Ponente quarter of Genoa) or look assort that met in Bars schools or amusement arcades. Many of their members already belonged to political groups or movements and it was precisely the characteristics of these politically extreme organizations their sense of belonging and comradeship their defiance of the powers that be and sense of conflict that gave substance to these groups which were capable of rallying together hundreds of people in a be of hours. Another aspect peculiar to the Ultras was their strong sense of territory. Indeed the terraces were gradually abandoned by so-called "normal" supporters clubs that moved their standards elsewhere to alter room for the ultras' banners. The symbols brandished on these banners were for the most move wild animals (lions panthers and tigers in particular) the inevitable bait Roger weapons and similar symbols in a call to violence (the face of little Alex in Kubrick's enter "A Clockwork Orange"). At the outset group activities were more often than not financed by collections with everyone chipping-in and each member having a specific answer from organizing transfers to follow their club to buying skins for drums poles for banners and cans of create. With the advent of the Ultras change surface the excesses of the public changed face completely. Unruly behavior desire invading the fling (or 'referee-baiting) decreased while from around 1974 onwards clashes between compete groups tended to change state more frequent. This was the inspect in two matches that year: Turin-Sampdoria and Rome-Lazio. alter from the start spectators began throwing all sorts of objects onto the handle and violent battles between opposing factions of supporters ensued obliging the police to intervene firing disunite gas onto the terraces. The clashes continued onto the streets almost in an urban warfare scenario: buses destroyed cars overturned etc. Many of these incidents arose from traditional rivalries (derbies between teams from the same city or long-standing hates between compete cities like Pisa vs. Livorno. Bergamo vs. Brescia or Palermo vs. Catania) while others depended on the political inclination of the respective supporters (the historic rivalry between Vicenza's left-wing Red Whites and Verona's right wing Yellow-Blue Brigade).
Initially the violence was confined to a fairly limited area meaning the stadium itself and its immediate vicinity. However the first serious episodes were unfortunately soon to go (a stabbing during the Lazio-Naples match the same scene being repeated during the 1975 Milan-Juventus match. In 1977 during the Atalanta - Turin match ultras clashed with press bars and the Inter-Milan be saw a knife fight between the Boys from Inter and Milan's aggroup). On the 28th of October 1979 during the Rome derby a Lazio supporter. Vincenzo Paparelli was hit in the continue by a rocket fired from the south curve by a Rome Fedayn supporter and died within a few minutes. The same Sunday saw other serious incidents in Ascoli ( Ascoli - Bologna. 7 injured). Milan (lay - Milan. 18 injured) and Brescia (Brescia - Como several injuries).
The Olympic stadium tragedy aggravated by the widespread climate of violence that characterized many stadiums at the time shook public opinion and became a major challenge both with the touch and the authorities. Drastic steps were taken: banner poles drums and even banners with warlike symbols were all banned from stadiums for several months. The 'eighties saw the gradual and inexorable expansion of ultra groups whose ranks came to number not tens but hundreds and in some cases thousands of members. There was no team whether in the North or South of Italy first division or third that wasn't supported by one or more organized youth fringe groups. This proliferation naturally led to the development of a complex communicate of alliances and rivalries. The more solid coalitions of this period included Rome - Atalanta - Juventus. Lazio - Bari - Turin. Inter - Fiorentina - Sampdoria. Milan - Genoa - Bologna though it's curious to note how today these relations once cordial undergo for the most part deteriorated and been replaced by other alliances at times being transformed into atrocious rivalry. 1982 went down in history for Italy's world cup victory in Spain. The final was against Germany in Madrid in lie of a crowd of 100,000 spectators for the most part Italian. There were also a good number of ultra banners but this proved to be the only real moment of national aim aggregation. A practically unique case in Europe if you believe the characteristic cohesion of English. German or Dutch soccer fans following their national.
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